Features of Nylon

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Nylon, whose scientific name is polyamide fiber, is the collective name for polyamide fibers produced in China. Internationally known as nylon. The main varieties are nylon 6 and nylon 66, and their physical properties are similar. Nylon fiber fabrics can be divided into three categories: pure spinning, blended spinning and interwoven fabrics, and each category contains many varieties. The most common nylon products on the market are nylon 6 and nylon 66. Nylon 6: The full name is polycaprolactam fiber, which is polymerized from caprolactam. Nylon 66: The full name is polyhexamethylene adipamide fiber, which is polymerized from adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine.

 

Production of nylon

The production process of nylon is generally similar to the production process of polyester. It is a fiber made from polyamide as raw material through melt spinning and post-processing. Polyamide is made from the polymer monomer caprolactam or the monomer nylon 66 through polymerization and condensation. Nylon was named after research and production in my country in the late 1950s.

Features and uses of nylon fiber

High strength, wear resistance and good resilience, ranking first among all fibers. The strength of nylon is higher than that of natural fibers, 1 to 2 times higher than cotton, and 4 to 5 times higher than wool; its wear resistance is 10 times that of cotton fiber, 10 times that of dry viscose fiber, and 20 times higher than wool. It is suitable for making tire cords, ropes, etc., and can be pure or blended to make various clothing materials and knitwear.  

⑵ Excellent elasticity and elastic recovery. The resistance to multiple deformations and fatigue of nylon fabric is close to that of polyester, which is 7 to 8 times higher than that of cotton.

⑶ Poor ventilation and easy to generate static electricity. Its DC conductivity is very low, and it is easy to generate static electricity due to friction during processing. Its conductivity increases with the increase of moisture absorption rate, and increases with the increase of humidity according to an exponential function.

⑷ It has better hygroscopicity and dyeability than polyester. It is a better variety among synthetic fiber fabrics, so clothing made of nylon is more comfortable to wear than polyester clothing.

⑸ It has good moth resistance and corrosion resistance. Nylon 6 and 66 filaments are alkali-resistant but not acid-resistant.

⑹ The heat and light resistance are not good enough. Under long-term sunlight and ultraviolet light irradiation, the strength and elongation decrease significantly, the shrinkage rate increases, and the color turns yellow; nylon has heat-setting properties and can maintain the bending deformation formed during heating. The ironing temperature should be controlled below 140℃. During wearing and use, you must pay attention to the washing and maintenance conditions to avoid damaging the fabric.

⑺ Has good low temperature resistance. Below minus 70°C, its resilience does not change much.

⑻ Have strong resistance to microbial action. Its ability to resist microbial action in silt water or alkali is second only to chlorine fiber.

Nylon fabric is a light fabric and is only listed after polypropylene and acrylic fabrics among synthetic fabrics. Therefore, it is suitable for making mountaineering clothing, winter clothing, etc. Nylon taffeta is mostly used to make lightweight clothing, down jackets or raincoat fabrics, while nylon crepe is suitable for summer dresses, spring and autumn shirts, etc.

Fabrics obtained by blending or interweaving nylon filaments or short fibers with other fibers have the characteristics and strengths of each fiber. Because it is woven with nylon filaments, it has the characteristics of smooth feel, durability and affordable price. For example, viscose/nylon gabardine is made of 15% nylon and 85% viscose blended yarn, and has a warp-to-density ratio. The weft density is doubled, the fabric is thick, tough and durable. The disadvantages are poor elasticity, easy wrinkles, reduced wet strength, and easy sagging when worn. In addition, there are also varieties such as sticky/brocade Fanliding, sticky/brocade/wool tweed, etc., which are some commonly used fabrics.

The filaments of nylon can be made into elastic yarn, and the short yarns can be blended with cotton and acrylic to improve its strength and elasticity. In addition to its application in clothing and decorations, it is also widely used in industry such as cords, transmission belts, hoses, ropes, fishing nets, etc.